Ten myths about forests and logging
Posted: April 30, 2018Source: Daily Pressby, MSU Extension Forester, Bill Cook
10 Myths About Trees & Deforestation
10 Myths About Trees & DeforestationWorking every year with hundreds of school kids and various public groups, several misconceptions, underlying assumptions, or “myths” seem to bubble up to the surface on a regular basis. How many of the following 10 have you harbored?
1. Trees provide the air we breathe.
Most of the Earth’s “fresh” oxygen is produced from the oceans, which makes sense when you understand that three-quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. For terrestrial systems, non-forest biomes are the most common. So, oxygen from trees? Meh. Okay, some but it’s not a particularly high value attributable to trees or forests.
2. We should plant two trees for every one we harvest.
In the Lake States, planting is typically unnecessary. Our forest management systems are tailored to the various forest types to create environmental conditions that encourage natural regeneration. This management is quite successful. So, why plant a few trees when nature will successfully produce billions? This said, there are circumstances where tree planting is needed and useful.
3. A tree grows one ring per year.
If a tree grew only one ring, how could you tell where last year’s ring ended and the next year’s ring began? In fact, our northern temperate trees grow two annual rings each year. The wider, light-colored ring grows in the springtime, followed by the narrower, darker-colored ring in the summertime. Then, the tree stops growing wood for about six months.
4. Forests are disappearing.
This is not true in Michigan or across the Lake States, although it is true in some regions around the world. As of 2017, Michigan has more acres of forestland than any time since the 1930s, when statistical forest inventories began. Now, if you live in an urban area and see sprawl gobbling up the countryside, it might be easy to get this impression. However, statewide, we now have a bit over 20 million acres of forest, and that covers a little over half the state.
5. Clearcutting is deforestation.
Deforestation, by definition, is a land use change from forest to something else. The overwhelming amount of deforestation is for agriculture, and then, secondly, for building human infrastructure. Clearcutting is a forest regeneration practice designed to stimulate the reproduction of sun-loving tree species, such as the aspens, red pine, jack pine, and others. Natural “clearcutting” happens through wildfire, wind storms, insect and disease outbreaks, and similar events. While clearcutting is not quite exactly the same thing, it’s far less benign than natural occurrences.
6. Planting a tree will save the planet.
This is a popular promotional campaign and has some value in raising awareness, but in ecological terms it is nonsense. Even if every Michigander planted a thousand trees every year, that amount would not come close to annual natural regeneration. However, planting trees does have strategic value in terms of filling in where nature missed a beat, or to change forest type compositions, or achieving a visual quality objective at a residence or in a city. So, planting trees is a great thing. It’s just not going to save the planet.
7. Mother nature knows best.
Nature “knows” nothing. It is not sentient. Benign neglect is not a fruitful strategy. The predictable paths of natural succession lead to places most people are not going to be happy with. First, the forest legacy following the historic logging era left forests in an “unnatural” condition, which is the forest that we see today. Second, ecological forest processes, alone, are unlikely to meet all the demands that society places upon forests. Third, forest health challenges and exotic species place additional pressures on forests. The solution to these problems is active forest management. We don’t manage forests for the forests’ sake. We manage forests for people, by working with natural processes.
8. Timber harvest destroys wildlife habitat.
Harvest, natural disturbance, or forest succession creates habitat changes. These changes benefit some species and don’t benefit others. So, any particular timber harvest will have wildlife “winners” and “losers.” The same is true without the harvest. More likely, critics of timber harvest react to the change in visual quality, which is an especially poor measure of ecological integrity.
9. Government owns most of the forest.
Nearly two-thirds of the Michigan forest is privately-owned. Of that, nearly three-quarters are owned by families. The State of Michigan owns about 21 percent; the federal government owns about 17 percent. Ownership has a huge impact on how a forest is managed (or not). However, regardless of ownership, all forests provide benefits to everyone.
10. Forest industry is a destructive, extractive industry.
It’s counter-intuitive to many, but the forest industry provides the financial incentive for forest management. No markets. No management. No management, then we’re all headed down a road of troubles. Additionally, there is no “greener” industry than sustainable logging. Thousands of daily products, made from the most environmentally-friendly raw material at our disposal, come from forests. Forest “products” also include clean water and a diversity of wildlife habitats. In contrast to the “myth”, the forest industry supports a wide range of goods and services, including a healthier environment. Wood use is not a choice, it’s essential to our survival. Every U.S. resident uses an average of three to four pounds of wood every day.
Our popular culture seems to perpetuate many incorrect assumptions and perceptions about forests and how humans depend upon forests. Don’t believe everything you read, including this article! Look it up and learn! It’s pretty fun stuff.